Course Descriptions Abdominal & OB/GYN Disorders Defying Diagnosis: Nonspecific Abdominal Pain Length: 0.5 Hour Date: 6 April 2008 Time: 12:00-12:30 There will be patients with abdominal pain who defy diagnosis despite the best efforts of even the most skilled emergency physician. How do you proceed when a patient in pain has normal basic laboratory test results and no worrisome abnormalities on physical examination? Using case presentations, the speaker will discuss the phenomenon of "nonspecific abdominal pain," broaden the differential diagnosis, and discuss nonspecific presentations of serious diseases. Strategies to guide you through this difficult scenario will also be discussed. Discuss admission criteria for patients with nonspecific abdominal pain. Describe strategies to manage patients when all attempts to reach a diagnosis fail. Discuss serious abdominal diseases that can present in a nonspecific manner. Discuss indications for abdominal imaging. Abdominal & OB/GYN Disorders Emergencies in the Early Pregnant Patient Length: 0.5 Hour Date: 6 April 2008 Time: 13:30-14:00 Ectopic pregnancy enters the differential diagnosis of all emergency physicians when they encounter a pregnant patient with abdominal pain. Other possibilities include gestational trophoblastic disease and missed abortions. In addition to reviewing epidemiology, presentation, diagnosis, and treatment, the speaker will examine the pitfalls that can lead to missed diagnosis. Describe the clinical presentation of ectopic pregnancy, gestational trophoblastic disease, and missed abortions. Discuss the use of ancillary tests in the diagnosis of these entities. Identify patient populations at high risk for heterotopic pregnancy. Describe the latest treatments and their complications. Abdominal & OB/GYN Disorders Third Trimester and Postpartum Disasters Length: 0.5 Hour Date: 6 April 2008 Time: 14:30-15:00 Third trimester and postpartum complications can be an infrequent, stressful, and challenging situation for the emergency physician. The speaker will highlight the presenting symptoms and latest advances in the treatment of pregnancy-induced hypertension, preeclampsia, eclampsia, cardiomyopathy, bleeding/previa, abrupt placenta, and early labor. A review of the most recent literature pertinent to these diseases in pregnancy and postpartum will also be discussed. Describe the presenting symptoms of serious third-trimester diseases. Describe the diagnostic work-up of serious diseases of the third trimester. Recognize the latest treatments for serious third trimester complications/diseases. Abdominal & OB/GYN Disorders Emergency Delivery: Are You Prepared? Length: 0.5 Hour Date: 6 April 2008 Time: 16:00-16:30 No matter how "naturally" a pregnant woman delivers her child, if it is in your ED, it becomes an emergency delivery. Managing the complications associated with an emergency delivery, identifying necessary equipment, and identifying patients who cannot be transferred to labor and delivery will be discussed. Are you and your facility prepared for this event? Attend this course and get the information you need to be sure. Identify the equipment needed for a successful ED delivery. Identify obstetric patients who should not be transferred to a hospital labor area  because of their impending delivery. Review the typical assistance that should be provided in an emergency delivery. Discuss how to manage complications associated with an emergency delivery. Airway Awake Intubation Length: 0.5 Hour Date: 3 April 2008 Time: 10:30-11:00 Sometimes there are patients whom you do not want to perform RSI for various reasons; your options include an awake look or to perform an awake intubation. The approach to these patients is very unique. Learn which patients may meet the criteria for an awake intubation and the approaches and techniques involved with awake intubation. Discuss the selection of patients appropriate for ‘awake’ intubation. Discuss approaches to the awake intubation. Review some techniques in intubation while awake. Discuss the various sedative and hypnotic agents used in awake intubation. Airway That Bloody Mess! The Trauma Airway Length: 0.5 Hour Date: 3 April 2008 Time: 11:00-11:30 Does the trauma airway really affect your ‘sphincter’ control? Trauma can dramatically alter the approach for invasive airway techniques. The unstable patient, the hypotensive and head-injured patient, and the patient with facial trauma can be daunting when considering intubation. Using case-based studies, the speaker will discuss the various approaches and principles involved in the management of the trauma airway. Discuss the various management approaches to the trauma airway. Describe algorithmic approaches toward these airways. Discuss the pitfalls involved in each case and rescue airway techniques. Airway Recognizing the Difficult Airway Length: 0.5 Hour Date: 3 April 2008 Time: 11:30-12:00 Nearly 1 in 100 emergency intubations may end up as a failed airway. This potentially disastrous consequence may be avoided if patients are evaluated for a potentially difficult airway prior to initiating rapid sequence intubation. This course will help the clinician identify patients who may have a difficult airway using an algorithmic approach. Review the anatomy of the upper airway. Describe variations of the normal anatomy that may make it a difficult airway. Discuss findings that may signal a difficult intubation. Airway Rescuing the Difficult Airway: Ventilation Devices Length: 0.5 Hour Date: 3 April 2008 Time: 12:00-12:30 Challenging airways create opportunity for airway management expertise. Alternative strategies for ventilating patients using the latest technology is invaluable. The speaker will present focused descriptions of several alternative ventilation techniques including the Combitube, PTL airway, and laryngeal mask airway. Explain the importance of rescue ventilation using a bag-valve-mask. Describe scenarios that may require utilization of advanced ventilation techniques. Explain the various advanced ventilation techniques (e.g., the Combitube, PTL airway, and laryngeal mask airway). Airway Rescuing the Difficult Airway: Intubation Devices Length: 0.5 Hour Date: 3 April 2008 Time: 13:30-14:00 When faced with a patient who cannot be intubated, alternatives to airway management become paramount. The speaker will present focused descriptions of several alternative intubation techniques including intubating laryngeal mask airways, lighted and traditional stylets, retrograde, fiber optic options, tactile and transtracheal jet ventilation. List the various intubation devices available to manage the failed airway (intubating LMA, lighted stylets, retrograde intubation, fiber optic devices, tactile       intubation and transtracheal jet ventilation). Discuss their indications. Explain their contraindications. Airway Performing a Cricothyrotomy: Surgical and Percutaneous Approaches Length: 0.5 Hour Date: 3 April 2008 Time: 14:00-14:30 When the difficult airway calls for a cricothyrotomy will you be ready? There are several, scenarios both traumatic and medical, where the EM physician will be called upon to perform a cricothyrotomy. The speaker will review the anatomy and the skills necessary to provide this life-saving procedure. Review the anatomy required to perform a cricothyrotomy. Identify the situations when a cric is necessary. Describe both the surgical and percutaneous methods of performing a cric. Review the immediate complications of a cric. Analgesia & Pain Mgmt Procedural Sedation of Adults in the ED: State of the Art Length: 0.5 Hour Date: 3 April 2008 Time: 14:30-15:00 Painful procedures, where you need more than just narcotics, present themselves regularly to the EM clinician. The use of agents for procedural sedation such as etomidate, ketamine and propofol has become more common. Which is the best agent to use in which situation? This lecture will update the audience on the latest in procedural sedation from pulse oxymetry to capnography, nitrous to propofol. Methods to overcome political barriers to the use of newer agents will be discussed. Discuss the pharmacology, advantages and disadvantages of specific agents used in procedural sedation. Discuss methods to overcome institutional barriers in the use of specific agents for procedural sedation in the ED. Analgesia & Pain Mgmt Sophisticated Pain Management Length: 0.5 Hour Date: 3 April 2008 Time: 15:30-16:00 Sometimes the situation requires more than just some morphine or fentanyl alone. When do you need to use anti-inflammatory agents, when should you switch from parenteral to oral? When might patches be indicated? Are there non-opioid alternatives for specific medical issues such as calcitonin for compression fractures? This leading expert will guide you through sophisticated pain management. Discuss the chasm between analgesic administration and pain relief in ED patients. Review the use of standing orders and nurse initiated analgesia for the management of painful conditions in the ED. List specific conditions that are amenable to tailored pain management strategies. Analgesia & Pain Mgmt Regional Anesthesia: Extremities Length: 0.5 Hour Date: 3 April 2008 Time: 16:00-16:30 Sometimes you may need extremity anesthesia and conscious sedation is not the best option. This workshop will expose the clinician to various regional anesthesia techniques in the extremities. The speaker will cover the anatomy and landmarks and the medications indicated to get adequate extremity anesthesia. Identify the anatomical landmarks of extremity anesthesia. Discuss the medications that are useful in extremity regional anesthesia. List complications of regional anesthesia. Analgesia & Pain Mgmt Regional Anesthesia: Facial Blocks Length: 0.5 Hour Date: 3 April 2008 Time: 16:30-17:00 Sometimes you may need facial anesthesia for problems ranging from laceration repair to dental pain, and conscious sedation or pain medication is not the best option. This lecture will expose the clinician to various regional anesthesia techniques of the facial area. The lecturer will give a brief description of the anatomy and landmarks and discuss the medications indicated for facial blocks. Identify the anatomical landmarks for regional facial anesthesia. Discuss the agents useful for facial anesthesia. List the situations when facial regional anesthesia may be useful. Cardiology Acute Heart Failure: Advances in Diagnosis & Treatment Length: 0.5 Hour Date: 4 April 2008 Time: 16:00-16:30 From foxglove to Lasix, the treatment of congestive heart failure (CHF) remained relatively static for years. Not anymore! The presenter will discuss cutting-edge therapy for CHF including high dose nitroglycerin, BNP, ACE inhibitors, and noninvasive ventilation. Discuss advances in diagnosis of CHF, including the use of BNP. Discuss the advances in treatment of CHF. Discuss common pitfalls in diagnosis and treatment. Cardiology How ACLS Guidelines are Developed Length: 0.5 Hour Date: 4 April 2008 Time: 16:30-17:00 This lecture will identify the key organizations that are responsible for creating the ACLS guidelines and will describe the process by which the guidelines are developed. The evidence-based findings will be analyzed and the speaker will explain how the final guidelines are reached. Identify the key organizations that are involved with developing ACLS guidelines. Review the process by which the guidelines are implemented. Cardiology Advanced ECG Workshop Part I: ECG Predictors of Sudden Death Length: 1 Hour Date: 5 April 2008 Time: 10:00-11:00 Sudden death can often be prevented when predisposing conditions are detected. The speaker will discuss several conditions which demonstrate often-unrecognized findings on electrocardiography and lead to malignant dysrhythmias. Brugada syndrome, prolonged QT, and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy will be addressed as well as specific deadly arrhythmias associated with pre-excitation. Diagnostic features on electrocardiography will be the focus. Discuss electrocardiographic findings which may identify three genetic conditions that are responsible for sudden death in otherwise healthy patients. Discuss predisposing conditions for and treatment of the prolonged QT interval. Cardiology Advanced Recognition & Treatment of Bradycardias & Blocks Length: 0.5 Hour Date: 5 April 2008 Time: 11:00-11:30 The speaker will present a brief overview of the practical anatomy and physiology relevant to bradyarrhythmias. This will be followed by a review of identification, management, and disposition of patients with bradyarrhythmias, conduction blocks, and drug electrolyte-induced cases. An interactive session of clinical cases and ECGs will also be included. Particular emphasis will be placed on accepted management modalities and brief comments will be made on therapeutic controversies. Identify the proximal and distal conduction blocks and discuss their treatment modalities. Recognize ischemia in the presence of conduction abnormalities. Discuss the identification and treatment of drug-induced bradycardia. Cardiology Advanced Recognition & Treatment of Tachycardias Length: 0.5 Hour Date: 5 April 2008 Time: 11:30-12:00 The speaker will review identification, management, and disposition of patients with atrial and ventricular tachycardias through an interactive session of clinical cases and ECGs. Particular emphasis will be placed on accepted management modalities and brief comments will be made on therapeutic controversies. Identify narrow and wide complex, regular, and irregular tachycardias. Differentiate supraventricular tachycardias on 12-lead ECG. Discuss the impact of distinguishing wide-complex supraventricular tachycardias from ventricular tachycardias. Discuss the association of pre-excitation syndromes with tachydysrhythmias. Discuss controversies in evaluation and management. Cardiology Resuscitation and Cooling: The Evidence Length: 0.5 Hour Date: 5 April 2008 Time: 12:00-12:30 Induced hypothermia appears to be one of the most beneficial therapies we can offer to our post cardiac arrest victims. While millions and even billions of dollars have been poured into therapies and devices that demonstrate much less evidence of benefit, very few institutions are using induced hypothermia. This course will utilize evidence-based medicine in the field of cardiac arrest and identify the benefits of this therapy, the barriers to its use, and lessons from multiple institutions to overcoming these barriers. Describe the evidence that induced hypothermia is beneficial in post cardiac arrest patients. Describe common barriers to implementation of this therapy across emergency departments. Identify the barriers faced at your particular institution and innovative approaches to overcoming these barriers. Cardiology Aortic Disasters Length: 0.5 Hour Date: 6 April 2008 Time: 10:30-11:00 The presentation of patients with acute aortic pathology ranges from subtle to dramatic. The speaker will discuss the various risk factors for and clinical presentations of aortic aneurysms and dissections, available diagnostic tests, and emergency department treatment. The role of  various diagnostic modalities including ultrasonography, CT scanning, and transesophageal echocardiography will be emphasized. Discuss risk factors for aortic aneurysm and aortic dissection and discuss how they differ. Discuss the clinical presentation of aortic aneurysm and aortic dissection and how they differ. Discuss appropriate treatment and diagnostic testing. Cardiology Atrial Fibrillation Length: 0.5 Hour Date: 6 April 2008 Time: 11:00-11:30 Patients with atrial fibrillation are frequently seen in the emergency department. The treatment approach to this disorder seems to differ significantly depending on the country where the patient is being seen. This course will review the rationale and benefits behind these differing approaches. Discuss the AHA/ILCOR recommendations and Canadian recommendations for managing patients with atrial fibrillation. Review the literature that supports these recommendations. Describe the most promising therapies for treating patients who experience atrial fibrillation. Cardiology Advanced ECG Workshop Part II: Subtle ECG Findings of Cardiac Ischemia Length: 1 Hour Date: 6 April 2008 Time: 11:30-12:30 Emergency physicians are familiar with the literature describing the classic ECG signs of acute coronary syndrome. However, the first ECG taken during cardiac ischemia often does not show the classic diagnostic features. Several subtle ECG abnormalities that predict early or impending acute myocardial infarction will be reviewed. Identify two subtle ECG abnormalities, usually missed on routine ECG interpretation, that predict early acute myocardial infarction. Identify a T-wave abnormality in the precordial leads that predicts critical occlusion of the left anterior descending artery. Identify subtle morphologic T-wave changes that predict early ischemia. Cardiology The Acute MI in the Field: Transport or Lytics? Length: 0.5 Hour Date: 6 April 2008 Time: 13:30-14:00 When it comes to myocardial infarction, time is muscle… so are there advantages of using lytics in the field versus immediately transporting the patient to the hospital? The speaker will review the pros and cons of this approach. Identify patients that are eligible for lytics in the field. Review the literature for immediate transport versus use of lytics in the field. Describe the potential complications that can arise with use of lytics in the field. Cardiology Deadly Misdiagnosis on ECGs Length: 0.5 Hour Date: 6 April 2008 Time: 14:00-14:30 In this advanced ECG assessment lecture, the speaker will discuss conditions that produce ECG changes that are often misdiagnosed and may be catastrophic when treated inappropriately. Don’t get fooled by misinterpreting these mimics of acute coronary syndrome (ACS), ventricular tachycardia and ventricular hypertrophy. Describe a T-wave pattern often misdiagnosed for ACS that is highly specific for acute pulmonary embolism. Recognize the mimics of ventricular tachycardia and describe why “overdiagnosis” of ventricular tachycardia can be deadly. Identify subtle ECG abnormalities that can help the emergency physician distinguish between ACS and pericardial diseases. List the finding on ECG associated with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Cardiology When Pacemakers and AICDs Go Haywire Length: 0.5 Hour Date: 6 April 2008 Time: 14:30-15:00 The expanding use of technology for acute and chronic electrical therapy of dysrhythmias is complex. Using a case-based approach, the presenter will review the identification and management of normal and abnormal function of implantable electronic devices. Discuss the normal function of artificial pacemakers and the various types available. Describe the assessment of improper pacemaker function. Explain ED management of pacemaker malfunctions. Discuss the technology, use, and potential problems of the implanted cardioverter-defibrillator. Cardiology Cardiac Marker Testing: New Approaches Length: 0.5 Hour Date: 6 April 2008 Time: 15:30-16:00 The emergency physician is the expert on the use of cardiac markers. New recommendations for appropriate use of cardiac marker testing in the emergency department have been developed. The speaker will present the appropriate use of cardiac marker testing, situations in which testing may yield false positive or false negative results, and discuss the test characteristics of the various cardiac markers as well as the significance of elevated levels. Discuss the characteristics, benefits and drawbacks of the use of various cardiac markers in the emergency department. Discuss the significance of mild elevations in cardiac markers. Discuss the ACEP clinical policy for cardiac marker testing. Discuss conditions which cause cardiac marker elevations. Cardiology Undifferentiated Shock: Maximizing Care Length: 0.5 Hour Date: 6 April 2008 Time: 16:00-16:30 Emergency physicians can easily identify patients suffering from uncompensated shock—the patient’s vital signs are grossly abnormal and he or she looks ill. The challenge lies in identifying patients with early, compensated shock. The speaker will discuss novel approaches to identifying, treating, and monitoring patients suffering from shock. Discuss advances in the early recognition of shock and an approach to the differentiation of the cause. Discuss general approaches to treatment of shock, pitfalls in treatment of shock. Discuss how treatment varies when specific causes are identified. Disaster/Terrorism The Science of Disaster Triage: How Do We Know What Works? Length: 1 Hour Date: 6 April 2008 Time: 10:30-11:30 This session will review principles of disaster triage and introduce participants to commonly used triage tools. Several of these triage tools are used throughout specific geographic regions of the world. This panel would review evidence supporting each of the specific tools and discuss where to go from here to definitively answer triage questions for critical events yet to come. Review goals for triage in a critical event. Identify components of an ideal triage tool. Define the research strategy for identifying the ideal triage tool. Disaster/Terrorism Disaster Surge Capacity: What Solutions are Out There? Length: 1 Hour Date: 6 April 2008 Time: 11:30-12:30 Countries around the world are experiencing challenges due to full hospitals. Potential for surge in a multi-casualty incident during normal operations or a large number of patients during a catastrophe are limited at best. These panelists will discuss different ways to plan for the potential of an influx of sick patients when the ED is already at capacity. Identify needs and capacity for surge throughout the world. Discuss solutions for surge as seen around the world. Disaster/Terrorism Blast Injuries: Coping with Terrorism Length: 0.5 Hour Date: 6 April 2008 Time: 13:30-14:00 Terrorism is on the rise, and the increasing use of bombs is causing serious trauma. Injuries include the obvious blunt injury to head and abdomen, along with penetrating injuries; and, then there are the more subtle secondary injuries including blast lung and crush injuries. The speaker will discuss the unique aspects in the initial triage and stabilization of such injuries. Discuss the major life-threatening injuries associated with blast injuries. List chemical and radiation threats from explosions. Describe the initial triage and stabilization of blast injuries. Disaster/Terrorism Case Studies in Disaster Preparedness: Lessons Learned Length: 1 Hour Date: 6 April 2008 Time: 14:00-15:00 Disasters happen without warning. Is your hospital and region prepared? This session will discuss real-life examples from three experts in disaster medicine describing the key elements that must be in place when a disaster strikes. Identify key elements necessary for disaster preparedness. List resources available to hospitals to help them prepare for a disaster. Describe various hospitals response to disaster. Disaster/Terrorism Bioterrorism: Assessing Risk Length: 0.5 Hour Date: 6 April 2008 Time: 15:30-16:00 The threat of bioterrorism continues to exist, and emergency physicians need to understand which agents could potentially be used in such an event in the near future. This speaker will also discuss current surveillance systems that need to be known to emergency physicians. Discuss biological agents at risk for use in the near future. Describe techniques to prepare for a potential bioterrorism event. Describe current surveillance systems. EMS Issues in Pre-Hospital Intubation: When Less is More Length: 0.5 Hour Date: 5 April 2008 Time: 10:00-10:30 Research increasingly suggests that pre-hospital intubation may not be beneficial and perhaps even detrimental to the care of some prehospital patients. This panel discussion will review the latest literature on pre-hospital airway management in adults and children. Both sides of the issue will be discussed and the panelists will provide critical reviews of research. Identify current research in EMS airway issues. Describe geographic differences in EMS airway management. Describe must have quality control measures. Describe best practices in the out-of-hospital environment. EMS Update in EMS Literature: What's Hot and What's Not Length: 1 Hour Date: 5 April 2008 Time: 10:30-11:30 Things change rapidly in medicine, and out-of-hospital care is no exception. This course will bring emergency physicians up-to-date on the latest EMS literature. The speaker will discuss such issues as vasopressors for asystolic cardiac arrest, the impact of EMS-C guidelines, public access AEDs, various cervical spine clearance rules, and other current research topics. The importance of outcomes-based research will be emphasized. Describe the strengths and weaknesses of recent EMS literature and how it affects your practice. Discuss the importance of outcomes-based research as it applies to out-of-hospital care for adults and children. Explain the impact of EMS-C guidelines on the delivery of out-of-hospital care to children. EMS Prehospital Care: Physicians, Medics or Both? Length: 1 Hour Date: 5 April 2008 Time: 11:30-12:30 The Anglo-American vs. Franco-German model of prehospital care is a dated oversimplification. Nonetheless there continues to be considerable debate over the ideal prehospital care provider. There are many proponents of physician staffed EMS systems throughout the world who feel that this improves prehospital patient care. Several physicians from different countries will discuss their systems and why they feel it results in optimal patient care. To outline the background of this issue and the idea of the original Anglo- American vs. Franco-German model. To discuss some of the advantages of having the specific type of provider in the prehospital setting. List some of the potential disadvantages of having to rely on the type of provider for the provision of EMS care. Demonstrate a model that utilizes selective and rapid deployment of either type of provider to the scene. Exploration/Tropical/ Environmental Medicine Improvised Care in Remote Locations Length: 0.5 Hour Date: 3 April 2008 Time: 10:30-11:00 You may be called upon to provide-life saving field care in a remote wilderness area. The speaker will discuss the approach to initial stabilization and extraction of seriously ill patients in the field using innovative uses of common resources. A hands-on approach will be presented using ropes, knots, and makeshift equipment. Describe how to stabilize injured patients in the field. Explain extraction techniques from extreme environments. Detail splinting of orthopedic injuries for transport. Exploration/Tropical/ Environmental Medicine Environmental Extremes: Cold-Related Illnesses Length: 0.5 Hour Date: 3 April 2008 Time: 11:00-11:30 A threat to travelers is extremes of environment, particularly hypothermia. The speaker will discuss the diagnosis and treatment of this disorder with the latest in initial treatment, both field and ED treatment. Review the clinical findings of hypothermia and frostbite. Discuss the approach to first aid and field treatment of this malady. List special issues in airway and cardiovascular support in this disorder. Exploration/Tropical/ Environmental Medicine 1001 Uses for Duct Tape & Safety Pins Length: 1 Hour Date: 3 April 2008 Time: 11:30-12:30 Whether it be in the Rocky Mountains or the Outback, you may be called upon to treat injuries in remote environments. Stabilizing these patients and transporting them safely is your charge. Learn how to accomplish these tasks with everyday items. Describe how to stabilize injured patients in the field. Explain extraction techniques from extreme environments. Detail splinting of orthopedic injuries for transport. Exploration/Tropical/ Environmental Medicine Environmental Extremes: Heat Illnesses Length: 0.5 Hour Date: 3 April 2008 Time: 13:30-14:00 A threat to travelers is extremes of environment, particularly hyperthermia. The speaker will discuss the diagnosis and treatment of this disorder with the latest in initial treatment, both field and ED treatment. Review the clinical findings of hyperthermia. Discuss the approach to first aid and field treatment of this malady. List special issues in airway and cardiovascular support in this disorder. Exploration/Tropical/ Environmental Medicine Environmental Extremes: High-Altitude Illness Length: 0.5 Hour Date: 3 April 2008 Time: 14:00-14:30 Traveling to the mountains is an adventure, but going to high altitudes can be fraught with medical risks. The speaker will discuss the diagnosis and treatment of high-altitude illness with the latest in initial treatment, both field and ED. Review the clinical findings of high altitude illness. Discuss the approach to first aid and field treatment of this maladies List special issues in pharmacological treatment of this disorder. Exploration/Tropical/ Environmental Medicine Beyond the Golden Hour: Trauma Care in Austere Environments Length: 0.5 Hour Date: 3 April 2008 Time: 14:30-15:00 Your rock-climbing companion falls 30 feet and is now diaphoretic, pale and obtunded patient. There is no trauma service, let alone blood or a CT scan. What are you going to do to diagnose and stabilize this case of traumatic shock? The speaker will discuss tricks of the trade including role tourniquets, burr holes, amputation, pelvic stabilization and wound packing to buy time. List priorities in the initial field treatment of trauma. Discuss tricks of the trade to stabilize such cases until definitive care. Describe role for controversial uses for amputation, burr holes, tourniquets and ice in such environments. Geriatrics End-of-Life Care: How and Where Should it Take Place? Length: 1 Hour Date: 4 April 2008 Time: 10:00-11:00 The aging world population is forcing many countries to address the increased demand for health care services by the elderly. Geriatric and end-of-life care varies from country to country and impacts ED utilization. This session will highlight geographic specific approaches and solutions ranging from increased physician staffing of nursing homes to rationing of care. Identify strategies for enhancing community based acute elderly care. List some region specific approaches to end of life care Discuss where and how end of life care should take place. Geriatrics Abdominal Pain in the Elderly Length: 0.5 Hour Date: 4 April 2008 Time: 11:00-11:30 Compared to younger patients, elderly patients with abdominal pain have unique presentations, different pretest probabilities and higher morbidity and mortality of disease. The speaker will highlight specific diseases that may present differently in the elderly such as abdominal aortic aneurysm, mesenteric ischemia and acute appendicitis. The presenter will discuss priorities in the initial evaluation and triage of elderly patients with abdominal pain. Identify priorities in the initial evaluation of the elderly patient with abdominal pain. Describe the presentation of AAA, mesenteric ischemia and acute appendicitis in the elderly patient. Review the indications for specific diagnostic tests in this population. Discuss the limitations of diagnostic testing in elderly patients with abdominal pain. Geriatrics Cardiac Confusion: Presentations in the Elderly Length: 0.5 Hour Date: 4 April 2008 Time: 11:30-12:00 Cardiac presentations in the elderly are frequently atypical, sometimes presenting only as fatigue or dyspnea. Thus they are often underappreciated and frequently missed. However, not all patients are candidates for aggressive therapy. The presenter will discuss the different presentations, the optimal diagnostic approach, treatment alternatives, and the consequence of misdiagnosis. List examples of atypical presentations of cardiac disease in the elderly. Discuss an optimal diagnostic strategy for the elderly patient presenting with a cardiac problem. Review treatment options. Incorporate this into a treatment strategy the individual physician can use at his or her institution. Geriatrics Altered Mental Status in the Elderly: Neurologic Nightmares Length: 0.5 Hour Date: 4 April 2008 Time: 12:00-12:30 The elderly patient with altered mental status presents a difficult diagnostic challenge to the emergency physician. Differentiating acutely decompensated progressive dementia from other organic and reversible causes of altered mental status is challenging. The speaker will dissect these difficult diagnostic dilemmas and present how to approach elderly patients with altered mental status in a comprehensive but selective and cost-effective manner. Review the diagnostic approach to elderly patients with altered mental status. Discuss the unique challenges of elderly patients with altered mental status. Describe how to differentiate between dementia and reversible causes of altered mental status. Present the appropriate and cost-effective evaluation of elderly patients with altered mental status. Geriatrics Trauma in the Elderly: Handle with Care Length: 0.5 Hour Date: 4 April 2008 Time: 13:30-14:00 The elderly have a higher likelihood of co-morbid conditions and a decreased physiologic reserve leading to more complications and a higher mortality for any traumatic injury. With the elderly proportion of the population comprising a larger percentage of the total population, trauma injuries in the elderly produces difficult diagnostic challenges to the emergency physician. Differentiating subtle presentations of critical trauma conditions in the elderly is essential. The speaker will dissect these difficult diagnostic dilemmas and present how to approach elderly patients with traumatic injuries in  a comprehensive but selective and cost-effective manner. Review the diagnostic approach to elderly patients with traumatic injuries. Describe differences in the elderly trauma patient. Discuss the unique challenges of elderly patients experiencing trauma. Present the appropriate and cost-effective evaluation of elderly patients with traumatic injuries. Imaging/Radiology/ Ultrasound Ultrasound Guided Vascular Access Lab/Deep Venous Thrombosis Ultrasound Skills Lab Length: 2 Hours Date: 3 April 2008 Time: 10:30-12:30 Limited to 25 participants The speaker will describe the use of ultrasonography in the ED to locate and evaluate venous anatomy for venous access. Participants will then have an opportunity to use ultrasonography to identify vascular structures and simulate venipuncture. Participants will have the opportunity to identify the anatomy of the deep venous system in the lower extremity and to demonstrate how to perform compression ultrasound to identify a DVT. Explain how ultrasonography can aid emergency physicians in obtaining venous access. Demonstrate how to use ultrasound to investigate the venous system of the lower extremity Demonstrate the technique of ultrasound guided venous access. Imaging/Radiology/ Ultrasound Mastering Chest Radiology: A Systematic Approach Length: 0.5 Hour Date: 3 April 2008 Time: 13:30-14:00 Mastery of plain film chest radiography is an expectation for the emergency physician. Using a case-based format, the speaker will present a fail-safe, systematic approach to interpreting a chest x-ray. Challenging and perplexing radiographs will be reviewed and discussed using this approach. Subtle findings of pneumothorax, pneumomediastinum, diaphragmatic injury, and aortic diseases will be presented and reviewed. Describe a systematic approach to interpreting chest x-ray. Review the areas and diagnoses that are often missed when interpreting chest x-ray. Interpret various challenging chest x-rays. Imaging/Radiology/ Ultrasound Abdominal Imaging: Ultrasound Versus CT Length: 0.5 Hour Date: 3 April 2008 Time: 14:00-14:30 Abdominal pain is a common emergency department complaint. The speakers will discuss the pros and cons of ultrasound versus computerized tomography as the diagnostic imaging modality of choice for a patient presenting with abdominal pain. Describe the indications and contraindications for abdominal CT scans. Describe the indications and contraindications for abdominal ultrasound. List the preferred imaging modality for common ED complaints. Imaging/Radiology/ Ultrasound Belly Busters: How to Improve Abdominal CT Interpretations Length: 0.5 Hour Date: 3 April 2008 Time: 14:30-15:00 Abdominal CT scanning is useful in diagnosing a wide array of medical problems, but many emergency physicians are not comfortable interpreting an abdominal CT. The speaker will review cross-sectional anatomy and a systematic approach to interpreting an abdominal CT scan, and will show a series of medical and trauma case studies as examples. Review cross-sectional anatomy and a systematic approach to interpretation of an abdominal CT scan. Recognize the CT findings associated with medical and trauma emergencies. Imaging/Radiology/ Ultrasound Trauma Radiography: Interactive Learning Workshop Length: 1 Hour Date: 3 April 2008 Time: 15:30-16:30 Imaging in trauma can involve plain films, CT scans, MRI scans, ultrasound and angiograms. This workshop will provide the participant with hands on interactive learning through use of a laser pointer. Identify common pathology on various radiographic images. Imaging/Radiology/ Ultrasound Ultrasound Techniques During Cardiac Resuscitation Length: 0.5 Hour Date: 3 April 2008 Time: 16:30-17:00 The benefit of a quick look echocardiography during resuscitations and shock settings is immense. Giving fluids, cardioversion, starting vasopressors, continuing chest compressions and withholding care are all options that can be facilitated by this bedside imaging modality. The speaker will present the most recent evidence that supports the adjunctive use of echocardiography during cardiac resuscitation, emphasizing the ability to distinguish between PEA with and without mechanical activity and rapid assessment of cardiac output. Discuss the literature supporting bedside echocardiography for patients in shock and in the code setting. Describe the images the clinician should obtain to assess for cardiac function and fluid status. Imaging/Radiology/ Ultrasound Special Uses of Ultrasonography Length: 1 Hour Date: 4 April 2008 Time: 10:00-11:00 New applications for bedside ultrasonography have been limited only by the creativity of the clinician wielding the probe. Confirming a suspected diagnosis or aiding in the performance of a procedure is done with improved confidence when augmented by ultrasonography. The speaker will use case-specific examples to demonstrate a broadened scope of bedside ultrasound. Describe how ultrasound can be used to help in the identification of pneumothorax, abscess, retinal detachment, foreign bodies and increased intracrancial pressure. Describe how ultrasound can be used to assist with the following procedures: nerve blocks, paracentesis and thoracentesis. Describe safety advances supporting the use of ultrasonography for invasive procedures including central line placement. Imaging/Radiology/ Ultrasound Pediatric Radiology: What Do You Need to Know? Length: 1 Hour Date: 4 April 2008 Time: 11:00-12:00 Interpretation of pediatric radiographs can often present challenges for emergency physicians. Using case presentations, the speaker will highlight some of the unique aspects of interpreting pediatric films while reviewing the classic pediatric radiography. The speaker will explain the implications of radiation exposure in children and suggest strategies to reduce it. Emphasis will be placed on reducing emergency physician error through direct focus on injury patterns in children and common misinterpretations of pediatric films. Identify common traumatic and nontraumatic pediatric orthopedic conditions. Review life-threatening conditions displayed on pediatric radiographs. Discuss the normal variants seen on pediatric x-rays. Discuss the risks of radiation exposure to children and graded radiation exposure protocols. Imaging/Radiology/ Ultrasound CT Trauma "Pan-Scan": Is this Good or Bad Practice? Length: 0.5 Hour Date: 4 April 2008 Time: 12:00-12:30 There has been a growing trend to use CT scanning of multiple systems in the trauma patient rather than selected use and observation. Is this practice better than observation and serial examinations or is this just an added cost and excess radiation exposure for patients? Identify the role for “pan scan,” its use, costs, radiation exposure. Identify when multi-system CT scanning should be used in the assessment of a trauma patient. Imaging/Radiology/ Ultrasound How to Read a Head CT Length: 0.5 Hour Date: 4 April 2008 Time: 13:30-14:00 Evaluation of a head CT scan at a basic level is quickly becoming a must for practicing emergency physicians. The speaker will discuss reading of cranial CT scans and emphasize the basics and invaluable pearls. The physics of CT scanning and a review of normal anatomy will be complemented by a case-based review of commonly missed pathologic conditions. These case studies include trauma and medical cases, such as fractures, hemorrhage, infarcts, edema, hygroma, and shear injuries. Methods to avoid errors associated with reading cranial CT scans will also be discussed. Discuss the physics of CT scanning, including CT numbers, windows, and volume. Describe how normal brain anatomy should appear on a CT scan. Discuss pathologic conditions that are most frequently misinterpreted by emergency physicians. Imaging/Radiology/ Ultrasound Trauma Radiography: Interactive Learning Workshop Length: 1 Hour Date: 4 April 2008 Time: 14:00-15:00 Imaging in trauma can involve plain films, CT scans, MRI scans, ultrasound and angiograms. This workshop will provide the participant with hands on interactive learning through use of a laser pointer. Identify common pathology on various radiographic images. Imaging/Radiology/ Ultrasound C-Spine Imaging: Making Sense of Who to X-ray, CT Scan, or MRI Length: 0.5 Hour Date: 4 April 2008 Time: 15:30-16:00 Between NEXUS, Canadian C-spine rules, and recent studies on C-spine CT, it is more confusing than ever to know who needs imaging and what kind. It’s even more confusing with children. The speaker will clarify the clinical rules regarding who needs imaging. The speaker will then use evidence-based medicine to clarify which imaging modality (x-ray, CT, MRI, flexion/extension views) emergency physicians should use to evaluate patients with potential C-spine injuries. Identify which patients need C-spine imaging. Discuss the indications for plain films, CT scanning and MRI in traumatized patients. Describe which imaging modality is appropriate based on age, mechanism, and exam. Imaging/Radiology/ Ultrasound Beyond CT Imaging: Rational Use of Magnetic Resonance Technology Length: 0.5 Hour Date: 4 April 2008 Time: 16:00-16:30 Is it just a fancy new machine, or does the MRI offer specific benefits over older imaging technology? Are there times when, if available, you should get an MRI as the primary imaging study? Are there any problems related to using this technology? How do you rationally integrate this new technology into your emergency medicine practice? Variations of and indications for MRI will be reviewed. Review the types of magnetic resonance technology available. Discuss when magnetic resonance technology is superior to CT scanning. Review the indications for magnetic resonance technology in the ED setting. Explain the possible issues related to MRI imaging such as the use of contrast        agents and the potential consequences. Infectious Disease New Parts, New Problems I: Infections in Implanted Devices Length: 0.5 Hour Date: 5 April 2008 Time: 10:00-10:30 Patients with implanted devices pose a quandary when they present with a fever. Pacemakers, prosthetic joints and indwelling intravenous access lines can all become infected. The lecturer will discuss the approach to the evaluation and treatment of these patients. Discuss specific infections that may be encountered as a complication of  implanted devices such as indwelling central lines, cardiac pacemakers and prosthetic joints. Explain the approach to evaluating and treating these patients in the emergency department. Infectious Disease New Parts, New Problems II: Infections in Transplant Patients Length: 0.5 Hour Date: 5 April 2008 Time: 10:30-11:00 The patient with a transplanted organ who presents to the emergency department with a fever poses a unique challenge; not only does the patient have the transplanted organ but is also immunocompromised. The speaker will discuss the approach to the evaluation and treatment of these patients. Discuss the various types of organ transplantation and infections that may be unique to these patients. Explain the approach to the diagnosis of infection in these patients. List the antibiotics used to treat transplant patients with infections. Infectious Disease Sepsis Management I: Early Global Directed Therapy in the Management of Sepsis Length: 1 Hour Date: 5 April 2008 Time: 11:00-12:00 Septic shock is common, but is still associated with a high mortality rate. Recent developments and quality improvement initiatives have been implemented to improve outcomes in sepsis. This lecture will focus on the early goal-directed therapy for the management of sepsis that can be utilized in the ED. Discuss the pathogenesis of septic shock. Discuss the rationale and technique of early goal directed therapy. Discuss pharmacological management of septic shock, including the use of corticosteroids, vasopressors, transfusion, early intubation and activated protein C. Discuss quality improvement activities in the management of septic patients, including the surviving sepsis campaign. Infectious Disease Sepsis Management II: What’s New in the Evaluation and Management of Sepsis Length: 0.5 Hour Date: 5 April 2008 Time: 12:00-12:30 Early goal-directed therapy for septic shock saves lives. Treatment beyond early therapy includes some controversial areas including use of steroids and activated protein C. This lecture will focus on the controversial areas in treating this common life-threatening condition. Discuss the use of novel serum markers in the evaluation of the patient with potential septic shock, in contrast to the use of lactic acid levels. Discuss the literature describing an increased risk of adverse outcomes with the use of etomidate for RSI in septic patients. Discuss investigational agents for the use in patients with septic shock. Infectious Disease Update on Community-Acquired Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcal Infection Length: 0.5 Hour Date: 6 April 2008 Time: 10:30-11:00 Community-acquired methicillin resistant Staphylococcal infection has rapidly emerged to become one of the greatest challenges in treating an infectious disease. Rapidly changing resistance, persistence of infection and a lack of a consensus as to how to treat this disease makes this infection particularly problematic. The speaker will address the current state of diagnosing and treating this infection. Discuss the presentation of community-acquired methicillin resistant Staphylococcal infection. Explain the current approach to diagnosing and treating this disease. Discuss the aims of research regarding this infection. Infectious Disease Epidemics of Infectious Diseases Following Disasters Length: 0.5 Hour Date: 6 April 2008 Time: 11:00-11:30 In the recovery period following natural, or man-made disasters, outbreaks of infectious diseases may occur, thus complicating the recovery process. This session will discuss specific examples of these occurrences which have been seen following various disasters. List risk factors for transmission of infectious disease following disasters. List the most common pathogens seen in epidemics following disasters. Discuss issues related to water-borne and vector-borne infectious diseases following disasters. Discuss pre-planning aspects to anticipate the management of such occurrences following disasters. Infectious Disease Malaria Update Length: 0.5 Hour Date: 6 April 2008 Time: 11:30-12:00 Almost half a billion cases of malaria occur worldwide each year, with over one million deaths. Treatment can be simple, provided it is diagnosed from among the multiple masqueraders, or better yet, appropriately prevented. Treatment is complicated by the emergence of resistant strains and the need for multiple drug therapy. The speaker will discuss shortcuts in the diagnosis and empiric treatment of this disease especially in dealing with large numbers of potential victims. Also, new developments in treatment and prevention will be reviewed. List the differential diagnosis for malaria. Describe the approach to management and treatment based on resources available in the field vs. tertiary hospital. Explain new developments in the prevention and treatment of this disease. Infectious Disease Global Differences in Use of Antibiotics Length: 0.5 Hour Date: 6 April 2008 Time: 12:00-12:30 Although guidelines exist for the management of certain infections, these are not universally adopted and embraced worldwide. This panel will discuss the management of common infections seen in the ED that are approached differently across the globe. Discuss different practice patterns for common infections such as UTIs, pneumonia, skin and soft tissue infections from various parts of the world. Discuss commonalities and differences in antibiotic sensitivity for different organisms in different countries. Infectious Disease Tracking Infectious Diseases: Using a Surveillance and Research Network Length: 0.5 Hour Date: 6 April 2008 Time: 13:30-14:00 Infectious diseases pose a challenge to both the public health sector as well as to researchers. Identifying patterns of infections and regional variations in treatment and coordinating research to best identify the optimal approach to diagnosing and treating these infections is crucial to the treatment of these diseases. The speaker will discuss the establishment of a network to address these issues in infectious diseases. Explain the need for and implementation of an infectious disease network. Discuss the potential uses for such a network. Present examples of successes from using this network. Infectious Disease Infections From International Travel Length: 1 Hour Date: 6 April 2008 Time: 15:30-16:30 International travel is common and these travelers are exposed to infectious organisms in their sojourns. Diseases ranging from traveler’s diarrhea to malaria to dengue fever to various parasitic diseases may infect the unwitting traveler. The speaker will discuss the risks of acquiring these infections and how practitioners can pick up these infections in the emergency department. Describe different pathogens that are common in different parts of the world. Describe prophylaxis and treatment regimens for various infections that may be acquired through travel. Medical Education Teaching Procedures on a Limited Budget: Low Budget Simulators Length: 0.5 Hour Date: 5 April 2008 Time: 10:00-10:30 There are multiple procedures that are important to the practice of emergency medicine that are needed infrequently. In order to assure competency, however, physicians must practice these skills. Many training programs have limited budgets and financial resources making cadaver, animal labs and high fidelity simulation unrealistic teaching modalities. The instructor will share with the audience low cost/low tech simulation options for educational purposes. Describe how to make low cost simulation models for arterial puncture, lumbar puncture, thoracotomy and cricothyrotomy education. Medical Education High-Fidelity Simulation in Medical Education Length: 0.5 Hour Date: 5 April 2008 Time: 10:30-11:00 The evidence supporting the use of simulation for teaching and evaluation is substantial. Although simulation makes sense and has worked in other environments, the evidence to support its effectiveness in medical training is limited but growing. The presenter will discuss the current evidence and discuss the pros and cons of the various high-fidelity simulators available for emergency medicine medical education. Define high fidelity simulation. Discuss the literature supporting the use of high fidelity simulation in medical education. Identify the appropriate use of high-fidelity simulators. Discuss the pros and cons of the currently available high fidelity simulators. Medical Education Pearls and Pitfalls: International Rotations Length: 0.5 Hour Date: 5 April 2008 Time: 11:00-11:30 More and more house staff are looking for opportunities to study emergency medicine abroad. Discussants will share with the audience the benefit of international rotations. Funding issues will be addressed as well as malpractice and liability issues. Describe the benefit of an international rotation. Discuss funding opportunities. Examine malpractice and liability issues. Medical Education Use of a Portfolio to Document a Learner's Accomplishments Length: 0.5 Hour Date: 5 April 2008 Time: 11:30-12:00 Intellectual growth can be evaluated in many different ways. One way of documenting a learner’s growth over time and competency is through the use of a portfolio. The speaker will describe how to best use the portfolio and items that one might consider including in it. Define an educational portfolio. List items that might be included in the portfolio. Discuss how to use a portfolio to benefit the learner. Medical Education Unique Strategies for Faculty Development: Mentoring in Emergency Medicine Length: 0.5 Hour Date: 5 April 2008 Time: 12:00-12:30 Mentoring is an art and skill that has been found to be invaluable for successful careers in academic medicine. This course will focus on the importance of mentoring for junior faculty. The speaker will discuss the mentoring relationship and the role of both the mentor and mentee. Describe the characteristics of a successful mentor-mentee relationship. Give examples of mentoring programs at different institutions. Medical Education Curriculum Development in Diverse Environments Length: 1 Hour Date: 6 April 2008 Time: 10:30-11:30 Developing a curriculum for emergency medicine (EM) trainees can be difficult, especially when there is considerable resistance from other specialties. It is also difficult to educate emergency physicians when there are very few patients with a particular complaint such as trauma. Even in countries where EM is established, changing medical practice can lead to diminishing opportunities for learning proceduers and practicing interventions. When designing a curriculum in emergency medicine, country specific requirements, traditions and resources must take into account while still developing a competent emergency physician. List some of the challenges facing different countries as they develop a core curriculum and define a scope of practice for their future emergency physicians. Describe the difficulties of securing training when opportunities are not available. Identify successful solutions to the above problems which have been implemented in different countries. Medical Education Unique Strategies for Faculty Development: Career Mapping - A Road to Success Length: 0.5 Hour Date: 6 April 2008 Time: 11:30-12:00 Faculty development can be challenging. Institutions around the world have developed unique programs targeting faculty development and promotion. Setting realistic goals and mapping out a faculty member's career with milestones for advancement are critical to the success of academic physicians. Describe components of an effective faculty development and promotion program in an academic setting. Give examples of effective faculty development programs at different institutions. Identify effective strategies to help faculty develop profession goal and objectives to map out their career. Medical Education Outcomes Based Educational Assessments Length: 0.5 Hour Date: 6 April 2008 Time: 12:00-12:30 The ability to demonstrate specific outcomes as assurance of achieving competency-based learning objectives reassures the public that educators are, in fact, training competent physicians who can meet the health care needs of the public. The speaker will discuss outcomes that we can measure in emergency medicine to assess learners' competency in emergency medicine. Describe the concept of outcomes based competency. List measurable outcomes that can be used to document competency in emergency medicine. Medical Education One Minute Preceptor Model for Clinical Teaching Length: 0.5 Hour Date: 6 April 2008 Time: 13:30-14:00 Health care providers face many challenges in the day to day pursuit of their careers, and those who choose to teach health professions students face the further challenge of efficiently and effectively providing teaching to these learners. No matter what type of learner – resident, medical student, physicians assistant or nurse practitioner – and no matter what their level of skill or training, the challenge of integrating teaching into your day to day routine remains. Fortunately, tools and techniques have been developed to assist the preceptor. A tested and valuable approach is the One-Minute Preceptor. The speaker will share with the group the "Five-Step 'Microskills' Model of Clinical Teaching" as a recommended method of teaching in the clinical setting. Describe the five step model of clinical teaching. List examples of how this technique can be used in the patient care setting. Medical Education Pearls for Giving Effective Feedback Length: 0.5 Hour Date: 6 April 2008 Time: 14:00-14:30 Giving trainees feedback means letting them know, in a timely manner how they are performing. Good teachers use regular feedback to encourage, enthuse and correct learning in an effort to improve outcomes and help to define educational goals. The speaker will share some pearls for giving effective feedback. Describe the characteristics of effective feedback. Discuss the difference between effective and ineffective feedback. Give examples of how to give effective feedback in various teaching situations. Military/Tactical Providing Care in a Hostile or Unsafe Environment Length: 1 Hour Date: 4 April 2008 Time: 14:00-15:00 In an increasingly unsafe world there are times when care must be rendered in a hostile environment. Wars, civil disturbances and terrorist activities pose a constant threat. Speakers from around the world will share their experiences with the provision of medical care in hostile and unsafe environments. What to do when the hospital itself is threatened. Describe examples of a hostile environment and how this compares and differs      from the classic tactical EMS environment and operation. Review some of the unique issues and dilemmas arising during the provision of      care in a hostile environment. Discuss solutions and options for providing care in a hostile environment. Discuss a practical approach to the problem of rendering care in such situations. Military/Tactical Field Hospitals from Around the Globe: EM in the Developing World Length: 1 Hour Date: 4 April 2008 Time: 15:30-16:30 Lessons learned from recent field hospital experience in unstable areas are being used for ED disaster planning. This panel will present various experiences from different parts of the world, and their applicability to general disaster planning. List challenges to patient care within field hospitals. Discuss methods to effectively manage patients within the confines of military      battle. Military/Tactical Wound Care: Lessons Learned from the Military Length: 0.5 Hour Date: 4 April 2008 Time: 16:30-17:00 Improvements in wound care on the battlefield are being adopted for use in the ED. The speaker will discuss the use of hemostatic agents and blood substitutes in the management of wounds in the ED. Discuss the use of newer hemostatic agents in wound care. Discuss the use of blood substitutes in wound care. Neurology/Psychiatry Intracranial Hemorrhage I: Blood Pressure Management – The Delicate Balance Length: 0.5 Hour Date: 4 April 2008 Time: 12:00-12:30 Your patient has an intracranial hemorrhage on CT and severe hypertension. How aggressively can you manage the blood pressure? What is your target goal? Which drug is best? This lecture will discuss the appropriate safe management of accelerated hypertension in the setting of intracranial hemorrhage. Describe the pathophysiology of cerebral autoregulation in intracranial hemorrhage. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of specific pharmacologic agents for the management of hypertension in the setting of intracranial hemorrhage. Describe appropriate blood pressure endpoint based on initial blood pressure presentation in the management of the patient with an intracranial hemorrhage. Neurology/Psychiatry Intracranial Hemorrhage II: Stop that Clot! Length: 0.5 Hour Date: 4 April 2008 Time: 13:30-14:00 Non-surgical management of intracranial hemorrhage is both evolving and controversial. This lecture will discuss the literature regarding several methods to decrease intracranial bleeding once diagnosed, with an emphasis on newer therapies. Discuss appropriate correction of warfarin-associated coagulopathy in intracranial hemorrhage. Discuss indications for platelet transfusion in the setting of intracranial hemorrhage. Discuss indications for specific pharmacologic agents for hematoma management in intracranial hemorrhage, including the use of DDAVP and recombinant factor           VII. Discuss investigational agents that are being studied for use in the management of intracranial hemorrhage. Neurology/Psychiatry Current Controversies in the Management of TIA Length: 0.5 Hour Date: 4 April 2008 Time: 14:00-14:30 Current practice guidelines recommend admission for most patients with transient ischemic attacks (TIA), but admitting all patients may not be feasible. Identifying the patients at high risk for imminent poor outcome would help stratify which patients need urgent workup and which can be managed as outpatients. The presenter will review current literature on evaluation and admission criteria for these patients. Case studies will be reviewed to help you identify that subset of patients who may be managed in an observation or outpatient setting. Discuss controversies in the management of TIA, including evaluation and admission criteria. Identify diagnostic tests that should be performed immediately and those that should be performed urgently. Explain the pathophysiology of TIA and its relationship to acute stroke. Discuss the new systems to predict prognosis. Neurology/Psychiatry Headache: Pitfalls of Assessment and Treatment Length: 0.5 Hour Date: 4 April 2008 Time: 14:30-15:00 Headache is a patient’s common chief complaint that can present numerous diagnostic dilemmas. Is it benign? Is it a manifestation of a life-threatening condition such as subarachnoid hemorrhage, meningitis, or worse? The speaker will focus on a systematic approach to the workup and treatment of ominous adult headaches. Differentiate life-threatening causes of headaches in patients who present to the ED. Identify common errors in misdiagnosis of headaches. Discuss current management of different causes of headache, including those in immunocompromised patients. Discuss indications for CT scanning, MRI, and lumbar puncture. Discuss what to do when the "headache won’t go away in the ED". Neurology/Psychiatry Stroke Evaluation: Beyond Head CT Length: 0.5 Hour Date: 4 April 2008 Time: 15:30-16:00 When should the routine workup for a stroke patient be not so routine? When is more imaging than a head CT scan indicated in patients with transient or vague neurologic symptoms? When should you be suspicious for cavernous sinus thrombosis? When should you do an emergency MRI/MRA? The speaker will explore the answers to these questions. Discuss the indications for advanced imaging in patients with vague neurologic symptoms. Discuss the indications for CT posterior fossa cuts, CT angiogram, and MRI/MRA. Discuss clinical conditions that mimic stroke. Neurology/Psychiatry Calming the Demon: Controlling Agitation & the Violent Patient Length: 0.5 Hour Date: 4 April 2008 Time: 16:00-16:30 A violent agitated patient in the emergency department poses a real threat and is a danger to all concerned,  including himself. It is imperative that the emergency physician and staff quickly get the situation under control without anyone getting hurt. Effective techniques ranging from communication to medication will be discussed in this session. The correct use of restraints will also be reviewed. Discuss communication dos and don’ts for dealing with an agitated patient or family. Review safety procedures you can employ when dealing with these patients. List appropriate medications useful in patient sedation. Explain the correct procedure for physical restraint. Neurology/Psychiatry Medical Evaluation of the Agitated Patient: Are They "Crazy" or are They Sick? Length: 0.5 Hour Date: 4 April 2008 Time: 16:30-17:00 It is essential to evaluate potential organic causes for altered behavior, but medical evaluation of a patient who exhibits bizarre behavior can be complicated. What clues from the limited history and physical examination can the emergency physician glean about potential causes for this behavior? The speaker will identify life-threatening conditions which must be considered and addressed. Describe disease states that can cause patients to present to the ED in a combative, agitated state. Identify historical information and physical examination signs that help differentiate various conditions. Outline an approach to the initial ED treatment of these high acuity patients. Non-Invasive Ventilation Avoid that Intubation! Non-invasive Ventilatory Support in the ED Length: 0.5 Hour Date: 5 April 2008 Time: 10:30-11:00 Your patient is in respiratory distress; do you intubate or try a noninvasive method of ventilation first? Ambulances are beginning to utilize CPAP, as well. Noninvasive ventilation with bi-level positive or continuous positive airway pressure can be the bridge you need to avoid intubation. The speaker will talk about the pros and cons of noninvasive ventilatory support and cases in which you can use these methods of non-invasive ventilation. Discuss the pros and cons of noninvasive ventilatory support and the indications for CPAP/Bipap. Present cases of patients who would benefit from noninvasive ventilatory support. Identify the reasons noninvasive support may fail and when to intubate. Non-Invasive Ventilation Avoid that Intubation! Non-Invasive Ventilatory Support in the ED Workshop I Length: 0.5 Hour Date: 5 April 2008 Time: 11:00-11:30 Using noninvasive ventilation techniques in appropriate patients can prevent intubation, but it must be used in the appropriate patients with good technique. This workshop will cover the indications and contraindications for noninvasive ventilation and will offer hands-on demonstrations of the use of this technique. Identify patient scenarios where the NIV may be useful. Identify when to apply NIV. Explain how to dial up and manage the NIV. Non-Invasive Ventilation Avoid that Intubation! Non-Invasive Ventilatory Support in the ED Workshop II Length: 0.5 Hour Date: 5 April 2008 Time: 11:30-12:00 Using noninvasive ventilation techniques in appropriate patients can prevent intubation, but it must be used in the appropriate patients with good technique. This workshop will cover the indications and contraindications for noninvasive ventilation and will offer hands-on demonstrations of the use of this technique. Identify patient scenarios where the NIV may be useful. Identify when to apply NIV. Explain how to dial up and manage the NIV. Operational / Management ED Medical Malpractice: The Growing Pandemic Length: 0.5 Hour Date: 3 April 2008 Time: 10:30-11:00 No one can practice medicine without making mistakes, but whether a lawsuit will follow depends on where you live and your malpractice environment. This course will address the growing international reality of ED medical malpractice litigation; the causes and the costs. Describe the reasons behind the increased incidence in ED medical malpractice claims. Compare the actual incidence as it varies from country to country. Identify the costs associated with medical malpractice claims management. Operational / Management ED Risk Management: How to Avoid Malpractice Litigation Length: 0.5 Hour Date: 3 April 2008 Time: 11:00-11:30 This course will address the methods of countering the growing trend of increased ED medical malpractice litigation. Tools and techniques proven to reduce medical malpractice risk will be highlighted. Recognize the specific high risk diagnoses that are associated with ED medical malpractice claims. Compare methods of ED practice that reduce medical malpractice risk. Recognize the value of physician/patient communication in reducing malpractice risk. Operational / Management Patient Satisfaction: Expectations, Realities, & Possibilities Length: 0.5 Hour Date: 3 April 2008 Time: 11:30-12:00 This course will address the growing importance of patient satisfaction, highlighting the expectations patients have regarding their ED encounter, the tools used to measure patient satisfaction, and the proven methods and techniques uses to enhance the ED experience. Describe the key factors involved in creating high patient satisfaction. Describe the methods of measuring patient satisfaction. Identify various methods of enhancing a patient’s ED experience. Operational / Management Satisfying Your Customers: It's More Than Just Patients Length: 0.5 Hour Date: 3 April 2008 Time: 12:00-12:30 ED physicians are challenged every day to manage the needs of patients, families, consultants, and hospital administrators. This course will define the concept of "customer" for the ED health care provider and profile solutions for creating an environment of "customer satisfaction" for all customers in your ED. Identify who are the ED’s "customers". Outline tools applicable to “satisfying” all “customers”, including patients. Recognize the value of a customer friendly approach to ED care. Operational / Management Creating a Pain Free ED Length: 0.5 Hour Date: 3 April 2008 Time: 13:30-14:00 Reducing patient pain is a universal goal. This course will describe the use of standing orders, triage protocols and aggressive active pain management techniques to create a safe, pain free ED experience for all patients. Define triage protocols and standing orders that address patients presenting with complaints of pain. Compare the optimal use of traditional pharmaceutical and non-traditional interventions useful in addressing painful medical conditions. Operational / Management ED Overcrowding, Diversion, & Access Block Length: 1 Hour Date: 3 April 2008 Time: 14:00-15:00 ED overcrowding and access to care are emerging as global concerns. While the causes may vary between countries, the end result is the same; delays in necessary care and sometimes suboptimal treatment. Hear examples of how different countries and systems are attempting to deal with these issues. Speakers will also discuss the impact of the NHS’s 4 hour-to-be-admitted rule in the UK and the 4 hour pneumonia rule in the US. Describe examples of different types of patient care delays stemming from overcrowding and access block. List examples of solutions to these issues from different countries. Compare potential pitfalls and drawbacks to some of these solutions. Outline a strategy for dealing with these issues in ones own hospital and system. Operational / Management ED Protocols: Now is the Time Length: 0.5 Hour Date: 3 April 2008 Time: 15:30-16:00 Pre-hospital protocols have been created to provide a consistent, data driven response to a variety of clinical presentations. The speaker will outline the current, state of the art management for four acute emergency medical conditions: STEMI, Stroke, Pneumonia and Sepsis. Both Pre-hospital and ED management will be discussed, as well as controversies that may have limited widespread acceptance and implementation. Describe the pre-hospital and ED protocols that are currently in use for STEMI, stroke, pneumonia and sepsis. Identify the challenges to successfully implementing these protocols. Summarize the benefits of the implementation of these protocols. Discuss the criticisms that have been raised regarding these protocols. Operational / Management ED Operational Excellence: Continuous Quality Improvement is the Key Length: 1 Hour Date: 3 April 2008 Time: 16:00-17:00 Lean, Six Sigma, Sutter and other quality improvement methods have been shown to enhance emergency department operations and improve patient care. Now you can learn to eliminate the wasted steps in your own department processes that patients and staff encounter every day. The speaker will explain the principles behind various quality improvement processes and demonstrate real life ED examples where such approaches have improved patient flow. Describe a method to map out steps in the ED visit, including value streams. List potential steps that could be eliminated in ED patient care and thereby improve flow. Discuss strategies for reducing patient error through streamline processes. Develop plans to improve the efficiency of your own ED. Operational / Management The Computerized Data-Driven ED Length: 0.5 Hour Date: 4 April 2008 Time: 10:00-10:30 EDs are evolving into high tech, computer assisted, patient care units, integrating lab, imaging and patient documentation systems into a seamless resource of clinical information. State-of- the-art EMRs (electronic medical records), PACS (Picture Archiving Computer Systems), and electronic trackboards will be highlighted. Compare the potential value of computer driven ED systems integrating electronic medical records, PACS (Picture Archiving Computer Systems), and electronic          Track boards. Identify the costs associated with technological enhancements in the ED. Recognize the safety, process and patient flow benefits from computer assisted systems. Operational / Management Error Reduction: Tools and Techniques for the Pit Doc Length: 0.5 Hour Date: 4 April 2008 Time: 10:30-11:00 A successful, error-free ED practice involves time and interpersonal management, as well as clinical acumen. This course will highlight the skills necessary to practice emergency medicine in a compassionate and competent manner, while minimizing the challenges of a high risk environment. Describe the most common causes of errors in ED practice. Compare the methods of risk reduction in high risk emergency patients. Compare the methods used to reduce errors in busy emergency departments. Operational / Management ED Triage Models: Which is Best? Length: 1 Hour Date: 4 April 2008 Time: 11:00-12:00 Different triage systems are being used throughout the country, however most are not well validated. This panel will discuss the advantages and disadvantages of various triage scales used throughout the world. Pediatrics Pediatric Emergency Medicine: Challenging Cases Length: 1 Hour Date: 3 April 2008 Time: 10:30-11:30 Using case presentations that may be unusual presentations of common or catastrophic illnesses, the panel will address challenging cases in pediatric patients. The focus will be on cardiopulmonary, neurologic, metabolic or gastrointestinal disorders. Describe unusual presentations of common and unique diseases in children. Identify how catastrophic illnesses present in subtle ways. Discuss initial stabilization and treatment of these disorders. Pediatrics Head Trauma in Infants: Plain Film vs. CT vs. Nothing Length: 0.5 Hour Date: 3 April 2008 Time: 11:30-12:00 A well looking 18-month-old with a blunt head injury can hide a potentially serious intracranial injury. The challenge is the radiologic workup of these cases. Many countries rely on plain films, others have a low threshold to CT everyone. Are there clinical clues on history or exam to predict which child needs to stay for further workup? The speaker will discuss the most efficient approach to such common cases. Discuss the appropriate diagnostic workup for a mild head-injured child. Review clinical clues, such as cephalahematoma and vomiting, in pediatric head injury. Explain the merits of plain films vs. CT in apparent well looking children. Discuss the potential adverse effects of unnecessary radiation associated with head CT scans in children. Pediatrics Pediatric Airway Length: 0.5 Hour Date: 3 April 2008 Time: 12:00-12:30 Compared to adults, children rarely need intubation, and this infrequent procedure causes anxiety on the part of the emergency physician. The speaker will demystify intubation in children by discussing the predictable differences between an adult and pediatric airway and explaining the technique for intubating children. List the differences between an adult and a pediatric airway. Discuss the technique for intubating children. Pediatrics Pediatric Procedures Length: 1 Hour Date: 3 April 2008 Time: 13:30-14:30 Pediatric procedures require special knowledge about how to approach kids and their parents: from complex lacerations, foreign body removal from ears and noses to spinal taps. The speaker will discuss techniques to perform these procedures in children. Describe some of the pearls for performing procedures on children. Discuss methods to put the child and parents at ease during procedures. Pediatrics Pediatric Emergency Myths and Misnomers Length: 0.5 Hour Date: 3 April 2008 Time: 14:30-15:00 Many commonly held beliefs regarding the care of children in the ED are not supported by fact. During this session, the difference between myth and reality in the pediatric ED will be discussed, including the advantages of having a family member present during procedures and resuscitations. Discuss new approaches to common pediatric problems. Review role of steroids in various respiratory illnesses. List changing trends in pediatric emergency medicine. Pediatrics Advanced Pediatric Procedural Pain and Sedation Management Length: 1 Hour Date: 3 April 2008 Time: 15:30-16:30 What is the best way to manage a frightened, screaming 6-year-old with a fracture or a terrified 2-year-old with a facial laceration? These common clinical scenarios often result in a stressful experience for children, their parents, and the ED staff. Many management options exist, but no single approach is perfect. In this course, cases will be used to discuss management options including the use of nonpharmacologic agents as well as drugs such as nitrous oxide, ketamine, midazolam, propofol, barbiturates and etomidate. Discuss appropriate pharmacological interventions for pain management. Identify the available agents for procedural sedation of children and their risks and benefits. Explain how best to match sedation regimens with specific procedures. Discuss appropriate nonpharmacologic methods for managing anxiety and pain in children. Pediatrics Febrile Infant: 0 to 1 Year Length: 0.5 Hour Date: 3 April 2008 Time: 16:30-17:00 With the advent of extensive use of vaccines, the febrile child presents a different challenge, finding the rare but potentially dangerous case. This speaker will describe clues to ill febrile children that require more than reassurance and antipyretics, particularly in regard to the child’s vaccination status. The speaker will also present an algorithm for workup of such cases. Describe the initial workup of the febrile infant. List clues to serious illness in such cases. Explain rationale use of investigations in such cases. Pediatrics Pediatric Procedures Lab Length: 2 Hours Date: 4 April 2008 Time: 10:00-12:00 Limited to 45 participants Performing emergency procedures on sick/injured infants and children is stressful. In the hands on lab, you will have an opportunity to discuss mock-code scenarios and practice several life-saving procedures after the procedures are demonstrated. Demonstrate several techniques for obtaining vascular access – intraosseous, umbilical vein, and Seldinger technique. Demonstrate several techniques for managing the airway in an infant or child-intubating LMA, needle cricothyrotomy. Discuss useful medicines for rapid sequence induction for intubation. Pediatrics Child Abuse: A Worldwide Issue Length: 0.5 Hour Date: 4 April 2008 Time: 13:30-14:00 Throughout all regions of the world child abuse is disturbingly common, and there are cultural and societal differences in the evaluation, treatment and legal ramifications of this abuse. The speaker will review the injuries seen in child abuse and discuss sensitive cultural issues related to this problem. List the types of injuries that may indicate child abuse. Discuss the social clues of potential child abuse. Explain the different cultural issues related to child abuse. Pediatrics World Literature Update: Will These Recent Pediatric Articles Change Your Practice? Length: 1 Hour Date: 4 April 2008 Time: 14:00-15:00 Keeping up with the wide variety of EM literature is challenging for busy practitioners. The speaker will review pertinent recent literature from the past twelve months and explain how they could affect your practice. Discuss most important published pediatric papers in the last year. Identify trends and changes in EM based on the current literature. Explain the changes in practice that should occur as a result of this literature. Pediatrics Pitfalls in Pediatric Orthopedics Length: 0.5 Hour Date: 4 April 2008 Time: 15:30-16:00 Children frequently come in with contusions and “sprains,” but they may have underlying fractures or dislocations. The speaker will discuss clinical and radiological clues to finding these disorders that could lead to clinical or medical-legal sequelae. List the most commonly missed fractures in children. Discuss subtle radiological manifestations of pediatric bony injury. Explain the initial management to apparent extremity injuries, including sprains, in children. Pulmonary Asthma/COPD Updates Length: 0.5 Hour Date: 4 April 2008 Time: 16:30-17:00 Worldwide, the incidence and prevalence of asthma are increasing. The approach to evaluation and both emergent and chronic management of these patients is changing. The speaker will cover new updates in asthma and reactive airway disease from a global perspective. Discuss the rise and incidence of reactive airway on a global level. Review new updates on the evaluation and treatment of reactive airway disease. Pulmonary The Ever Elusive PE: Clinical Decision Guidelines Length: 0.5 Hour Date: 5 April 2008 Time: 10:00-10:30 There is perhaps no more frustrating illness to try to diagnose and treat than pulmonary embolism. Testing modalities are far from perfect, and the treatment is far from benign. Clinical decision guidelines with diagnostic strategies for excluding pulmonary embolism (PE) in low-risk patient groups has been helpful for a subset of patients, but the diagnostic approach to this deadly disease has not been standardized. The speaker will review initial diagnostic strategies to help guide you and the newest diagnostic and therapeutic modalities for PE will be presented. Discuss algorithmic strategies to the diagnosis and management of pulmonary embolism. Explain the usefulness of both old and new tests available to diagnose PE. Describe the newest therapeutic approaches to DVT and PE, including low-molecular-weight heparins, thrombolytics, and mechanical methods. Research Emergency Medicine Research Design: Getting Started Length: 1 Hour Date: 5 April 2008 Time: 10:00-11:00 This course will introduce participants to research techniques specific to emergency medicine and is intended to assist faculty in developing their own departmental research and research programs. Identify patterns of research success in emergency medicine. Describe the various types of research design. Discuss methods to develop and test a hypothesis. Research The Best Designed Emergency Medicine Studies From the Past Two Years Length: 1 Hour Date: 6 April 2008 Time: 14:00-15:00 This session will discuss studies that not only had an impact in emergency medicine practice, but were well designed and ly presented. These studies serve as optimum examples of how to properly conduct research in emergency medicine. Discuss examples of quality research design in emergency medicine. Discuss studies that identify newer areas of research in emergency medicine. Research Studies That Might Change Your Practice and Shouldn't: Pitfalls in Reading Medical Literature Length: 1 Hour Date: 6 April 2008 Time: 15:30-16:30 This course will identify examples of research in emergency medicine that demonstrates a variety of flaws such as inappropriate conclusions, poor interpretation of data, surrogate endpoints, various biases and poor readability. Take a lesson from these studies and design better research! Discuss pitfalls in emergency medicine research. Describe detection of common flaws in research studies. Technology ED Tracking Systems Length: 0.5 Hour Date: 5 April 2008 Time: 12:00-12:30 From grease boards to high tech computerized systems, ED tracking systems are crucial to the function of an efficient ED. The speaker will cover several different types of ED tracking systems and will compare them. Discuss the use of ED tracking systems in improving patient flow. Compare some currently available ED tracking systems. Technology Frontiers in Noninvasive Monitoring Length: 0.5 Hour Date: 6 April 2008 Time: 10:30-11:00 Is invasive monitoring a thing of the past? The speaker will cover emergency medicine situations that justify use of noninvasive monitoring and the use of these devices in brain, heart and pulmonary conditions. Describe noninvasive devices for monitoring patients in the emergency department. List the conditions where noninvasive monitoring may be useful in the ED. Explain the pluses and minuses of using these devices compared to traditional monitoring. Technology Bedside Testing/Point-of-Care Testing Length: 0.5 Hour Date: 6 April 2008 Time: 11:00-11:30 Point-of-care testing. It’s quick, it’s easy, and it can help rapidly diagnose patients. Bedside testing not only allows for rapid assessment but can also improve turnaround times. The speaker will describe several of these bedside testing devices. List bedside testing devices available for testing for pregnancy, hemoglobin, electrolytes and blood gases. Discuss the issues of these devices including quality control. Technology The Electronic Medical Record Length: 0.5 Hour Date: 6 April 2008 Time: 11:30-12:00 Charting has gone beyond a pen to paper… many emergency departments now use electronic medical records, some of which give instant access to labs, medical records and radiographic images. The speaker will discuss the pros and cons of various types of electronic medical records. Discuss the benefits of the electronic medical record. List the crucial elements that should be in any electronic medical record system for the ED. Compare several available types of EMRs. Telemedicine Telemedicine Consultations Length: 0.5 Hour Date: 6 April 2008 Time: 14:00-14:30 There are many patient populations that do not readily have emergency medicine services available to them. The speaker will discuss the use of telemedicine as a way of delivering emergency patient care to rural and remote settings. Describe how telemedicine can be used to improve healthcare in rural and remote settings. Discuss how to implement telemedicine for consultations. Telemedicine Telemedicine for Conferences Length: 0.5 Hour Date: 6 April 2008 Time: 14:30-15:00 Wouldn’t it be great to share your expertise with other emergency physicians? Are you in need of medical content but don’t have a local expert or money to travel to a conference? This session will discuss how to use telemedicine as a venue for sharing information from one part of the world with another. Discuss how to set up a telemedicine program to share speakers and information throughout the world. Explain the benefits and limitations to using telemedicine for conferences. Telemedicine The Use of Telemedicine for Triaging in the Setting of a Biological or Chemical Terrorism Incident Length: 0.5 Hour Date: 6 April 2008 Time: 15:30-16:00 Agents used for biological or chemical terrorism may cause symptoms not familiar to emergency physicians and diagnosing and treating these patients can prove difficult. Telemedicine can provide rapid and accurate consultation for both diagnostic and treatment of these victims with minimal exposure to medical personnel. The speaker will discuss the use of telemedicine for this purpose. Discuss how telemedicine can be used to decrease the spread of infectious diseases in pandemic and disaster settings. Explain the use of telemedicine for diagnostic and treatment purposes in a chemical exposure incident. Telemedicine The Nuts and Bolts of Telemedicine Length: 0.5 Hour Date: 6 April 2008 Time: 16:00-16:30 Rapidly evolving technology including advances in international communication at little to no cost make telemedicine an attractive option for education and medical delivery in remote locations. The speaker will discuss such products as Skype, Sight Speed and UTube for distance-based learning. Describe the technology that is available to start a telemedicine program. Discuss the financial implications of the various systems available. Toxicology New Approaches to Fatal Fumes Length: 0.5 Hour Date: 3 April 2008 Time: 15:30-16:00 Smoke inhalation continues to be a problem, particularly when most deaths are attributable to toxic agents, particularly carbon monoxide and hydrogen cyanide. Specific antidotes in such cases exist, but controversy accompanies them. New guidelines question the utility of hyperbaric oxygen, while a new antidote is available for cyanide poisoning. The speaker will provide an update on the approach to antidotal therapy, old and new, in smoke inhalation. Describe the clinical findings suggestive for cyanide and carbon monoxide poisoning in smoke inhalation. Compare treating cyanide poisoning with sodium thiosulfate vs. hydroxycobalamin, a new antidote. Explain the controversy in recommendation of HBO for carbon monoxide poisoning. Toxicology Trendy Overdoses: Designer Drugs Length: 0.5 Hour Date: 3 April 2008 Time: 16:00-16:30 ADAM, EVE, FOXY METHOXY, DMA, PMA, ECSTASY, ICE and CRANK: they all mean one thing, “cool” drugs of abuse. With international travel and commerce, and lack of quality control, overdoses with drugs of abuse have become even more challenging. The speaker will discuss the latest trends from around the world in drugs of abuse. Learn how to treat such cases based on pattern recognition with the emphasis on stabilization and preservation of cardiac and neurologic stability. List international trends in designer drugs of abuse. Describe clinical manifestations of designer drug overdoses. Discuss role for antidotes and pharmacological intervention for stabilization of the cardiac and neurological toxicity of such drugs. Toxicology Alternative Toxicity: Herbal Medicines Length: 0.5 Hour Date: 3 April 2008 Time: 16:30-17:00 Different cultures from around the globe have been successfully treated with herbal medicines. However, everything is toxic, and even these agents can have devastating adverse effects such as liver failure and even drug interactions with life threatening coagulopathy. This speaker will discuss the latest International trends in such agents, along with workup and treatment of adverse effects. List the latest herbal medicines of medical concern for adverse effects. Describe clinical manifestations of toxicity from alternative herbal medicines. Discuss role for antidotes and pharmacological intervention in treatment of such adverse events. Toxicology Spies that Die: Toxic Assassinations Length: 0.5 Hour Date: 4 April 2008 Time: 10:00-10:30 Headlines lend themselves to a great toxicologic discussion. From heavy metals to radiation, and exotic toxins, there has always been a cloak and dagger aspect to several historical assassinations. A case based discussion will highlight historical assassinations including but not limited to the assassination attempts on Litvinenko and Yushchenko to the ricin-umbrella assassinations in London. Review the historical use of toxins in assassinations/attempts. Use a case based discussion of recent and historical assassinations. Discuss the emergency department issues is decontamination and care of such cases. Toxicology Toxicology Lab Length: 2 Hours Date: 4 April 2008 Time: 10:30-12:30 A visual display of cases will be presented by the experts including a wide range of products and plants. Use your senses to solve these interesting diagnostic and treatment challenges that could present at your own ED. Faculty will be available to answer questions. Provide 20 toxicology cases using various visual, written, and olfactory stimuli. Provide a written answer sheet(s) with a brief discussion of each case. Toxicology Drug and Toxin-Induced Seizures Length: 0.5 Hour Date: 4 April 2008 Time: 13:30-14:00 Both drugs and toxins can cause seizures. In these cases, usual management may not alleviate the seizures and treatment specific to the toxin involved may be required. The speaker will cover various causes of toxin and drug-induced seizures and their treatment. List the toxins and drugs that may cause seizures. Discuss the evaluation and treatment of these patients. Toxicology Ask the Experts: International Case Studies in Toxicology Length: 1 Hour Date: 4 April 2008 Time: 14:00-15:00 Patterns of serious poisoning vary around the globe. This panel discussion will dissect an interesting conundrum of a serious toxicology case from their respective regions. The approach to recognition and treatment of unusual but life-threatening overdoses will be discussed. Discuss the unique presentation and treatment of unusual poisonings. Describe clinical manifestations of unusual respiratory, cardiological, and neurological intoxications. List initial steps in stabilizing and treating any seriously ill poison victim. Trauma Trauma Systems: Who Needs Them? Length: 0.5 Hour Date: 4 April 2008 Time: 15:30-16:00 Trauma systems are often proposed as a magic bullet and a variety of systems have been implemented in different countries and regions. Despite successful implementation, documented efficacy is lacking. Hear some of the different systems compared and their advantages and disadvantages discussed. Describe examples of different trauma systems being used. List some of the advantages and disadvantages of the different systems. Review the evidence supporting the existence of trauma systems. Trauma Trauma Management: Will These Articles Change Your Management? Length: 1 Hour Date: 4 April 2008 Time: 16:00-17:00 Trauma is a significant portion of emergency medicine practice. Each year there are numerous articles published in countless journals, however only a small number have the potential to actually impact your practice. The best trauma papers from the past 24 months will be discussed and their potential impact on the way we practice reviewed. Review the important trauma literature from the past 24 months. Discuss the best recommendation from the current literature on trauma. Describe how these articles will change your practice. Trauma Clinical Decision Rules in Trauma Length: 1 Hour Date: 5 April 2008 Time: 11:00-12:00 Appropriate decision making has been addressed on many levels in medicine. Specifically, clinical decision rules have been proposed for more predictable medical care. Clinical decision rules have been applied to specific trauma conditions, best known are the ankle, knee, head and C-spine rules. In some cases more than one proposed rule exists. The latest version of these will be reviewed as well as the evidence for or against them. List criteria for, and evidence to support, the latest version(s) of the ankle rules, knee rules, head rules, and C-spine rules. Describe how this will change your EM practice. Trauma Beyond the Golden Hour: Extended Care of the Traumatized Patient Length: 0.5 Hour Date: 5 April 2008 Time: 12:00-12:30 Sometimes field (and even ED) care of the trauma patient is delayed and